Consider the substance progressing across the conduit. Under calm states, the flow is laminar - strata within fluid move get more info past each smoothly. But, when this speed is highly high or the pipe is im perfectly shaped, this

The unique characteristics of alcohols stem directly from the presence of hydrogen bonding. This strong intermolecular attraction arises from the polarity of the oxygen-hydrogen group (-OH). The highly reactive oxygen atom pulls electrons towards itself, creating a partial negative charge (δ-) on